all Publications

Cochrane, W.G., Bare, G.A.L., Joyce, G.F., Horning, D.P. Cross-chiral exponential amplification of an RNA enzyme. (2024) Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 121(44):e2413668121. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2413668121

Papastavrou, N., Horning, D.P., Joyce, G.F. RNA-catalyzed evolution of catalytic RNA. (2024) Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 121(11):e2321592121. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2321592121

Kakoti, A., Joyce, G.F. RNA Polymerase Ribozyme That Recognizes the Template-Primer Complex through Tertiary Interactions. (2023) Biochemistry. DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.3c00091

Menichelli, E., Lam, B.J., Wang, Y., Wang, V.S., Shaffer, J., Tjhung, K.F., Bursulaya, B., Nguyen, T.N., Vo, T., Alper, P.B., McAllister, C.S., Jones, D.H., Spraggon, G., Michellys, P.Y., Joslin, J., Joyce, G.F., Rogers, J. Discovery of small molecules that target a tertiary-structured RNA. (2022) Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 119(48):e2213117119. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2213117119

Bare, G.A.L., Joyce, G.F. Cross-Chiral, RNA-Catalyzed Exponential Amplification of RNA. (2021) Journal of the American Chemical Society. DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c09233

Portillo, X., Huang, Y.T., Breaker, R.R., Horning, D.P., Joyce, G.F. Witnessing the structural evolution of an RNA enzyme. (2021) Elife. 10. DOI: 10.7554/eLife.71557

Setterholm, N.A., Haratipour, P., Kashemirov, B.A., McKenna, C.E., Joyce, G.F. Kinetic Effects of β,γ-Modified Deoxynucleoside 5′-Triphosphate Analogues on RNA-Catalyzed Polymerization of DNA. (2020) Biochemistry. DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.0c00779

Tjhung, K.F., Sczepanski, J.T., Murtfeldt, E.R., Joyce, G.F. RNA-Catalyzed Cross-Chiral Polymerization of RNA. (2020) Journal of the American Chemical Society. DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c05635

Salditt, A., Keil, L.M.R., Horning, D.P., Mast, C.B., Joyce, G.F., Braun, D. Thermal Habitat for RNA Amplification and Accumulation. (2020) Phys. Rev. Lett. 125(4):048104. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.125.048104

Tjhung, K.F., Shokhirev, M.N., Horning, D.P., Joyce, G.F. An RNA polymerase ribozyme that synthesizes its own ancestor. (2020) Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1914282117

Horning, D.P., Bala, S., Chaput, J.C., Joyce, G.F. RNA-Catalyzed Polymerization of Deoxyribose, Threose, and Arabinose Nucleic Acids. (2019) ACS Synthetic Biology. 8(5):955-961. DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.9b00044

Pressman, A.D., Liu, Z., Janzen, E., Blanco, C., Müller, U.F., Joyce, G.F., Pascal, R., Chen, I.A. Mapping a systematic ribozyme fitness landscape reveals a frustrated evolutionary network for self-aminoacylating RNA. (2019) Journal of the American Chemical Society. DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b13298

Joyce, G.F., Szostak, J.W. Protocells and RNA Self-Replication. (2018) Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology. 10(9). DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a034801

Samanta, B., Horning, D.P., Joyce, G.F. 3′-End labeling of nucleic acids by a polymerase ribozyme. (2018) Nucleic Acids Research. DOI: 10.1093/nar/gky513

Joyce, G.F., Samanta, B. A reverse transcriptase ribozyme. (2017) Elife. 6. DOI: 10.7554/eLife.31153

Olea, C., Joyce, G.F. Real-Time Detection of a Self-Replicating RNA Enzyme. (2016) Molecules. 21(10). DOI: 10.3390/molecules21101310

Horning, D.P., Joyce, G.F. Amplification of RNA by an RNA polymerase ribozyme. (2016) Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 113(35):9786-91. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1610103113

Sczepanski, J.T., Joyce, G.F. Specific Inhibition of MicroRNA Processing Using L-RNA Aptamers. (2015) Journal of the American Chemical Society. 137(51):16032-7. DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b06696

Joyce, G.F. Reflections of a Darwinian Engineer. (2015) Journal of Molecular Evolution. 81(5-6):146-9. DOI: 10.1007/s00239-015-9724-6

Olea, C., Weidmann, J., Dawson, P.E., Joyce, G.F. An L-RNA Aptamer that Binds and Inhibits RNase. (2015) Chemistry & Biology. 22(11):1437-1441. DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2015.09.017

Olea, C., Joyce, G.F. Ligand-dependent exponential amplification of self-replicating RNA enzymes. (2015) Meth. Enzymol. 550:23-39. DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2014.10.030

Sczepanski, J.T., Joyce, G.F. A cross-chiral RNA polymerase ribozyme. (2014) Nature. 515(7527):440-2. DOI: 10.1038/nature13900

Petrie, K.L., Joyce, G.F. Limits of neutral drift: lessons from the in vitro evolution of two ribozymes. (2014) J. Mol. Evol. 79(3-4):75-90. DOI: 10.1007/s00239-014-9642-z

Breaker, R.R., Joyce, G.F. The expanding view of RNA and DNA function. (2014) Chemistry & Biology. 21(9):1059-65. DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2014.07.008

Robertson, M.P., Joyce, G.F. Highly efficient self-replicating RNA enzymes. (2014) Chemistry & Biology. 21(2):238-45. DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2013.12.004

Sczepanski, J.T., Joyce, G.F. Binding of a structured D-RNA molecule by an L-RNA aptamer. (2013) Journal of the American Chemical Society. 135(36):13290-3. DOI: 10.1021/ja406634g

Ferretti, A.C., Joyce, G.F. Kinetic properties of an RNA enzyme that undergoes self-sustained exponential amplification. (2013) Biochemistry. 52(7):1227-35. DOI: 10.1021/bi301646n

Sczepanski, J.T., Joyce, G.F. Synthetic evolving systems that implement a user-specified genetic code of arbitrary design. (2012) Chemistry & Biology. 19(10):1324-32. DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2012.08.017

Joyce, G.F. Bit by bit: the Darwinian basis of life. (2012) PLOS Biology. 10(5):e1001323. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.1001323

Olea, C., Horning, D.P., Joyce, G.F. Ligand-dependent exponential amplification of a self-replicating L-RNA enzyme. (2012) Journal of the American Chemical Society. 134(19):8050-3. DOI: 10.1021/ja302197x

Joyce, G.F. Evolution. Toward an alternative biology. (2012) Science. 336(6079):307-8. DOI: 10.1126/science.1221724

Lam, B.J., Joyce, G.F. An isothermal system that couples ligand-dependent catalysis to ligand-independent exponential amplification. (2011) Journal of the American Chemical Society. 133(9):3191-7. DOI: 10.1021/ja111136d

Petrie, K.L., Joyce, G.F. Deep sequencing analysis of mutations resulting from the incorporation of dNTP analogs. (2010) Nucleic Acids Research. 38(22):8095-104. DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkq685

Paegel, B.M., Joyce, G.F. Microfluidic compartmentalized directed evolution. (2010) Chemistry & Biology. 17(7):717-24. DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2010.05.021

Joyce, G.F. Evolution in an RNA world. (2009) Cold Spring Harbor Symposia on Quantitative Biology. 74:17-23. DOI: 10.1101/sqb.2009.74.004

Voytek, S.B., Joyce, G.F. Niche partitioning in the coevolution of 2 distinct RNA enzymes. (2009) Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 106(19):7780-5. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0903397106

Lam, B.J., Joyce, G.F. Autocatalytic aptazymes enable ligand-dependent exponential amplification of RNA. (2009) Nature Biotechnology. 27(3):288-92. DOI: 10.1038/nbt.1528

Lincoln, T.A., Joyce, G.F. Self-sustained replication of an RNA enzyme. (2009) Science. 323(5918):1229-32. DOI: 10.1126/science.1167856

Paegel, B.M., Joyce, G.F. Darwinian evolution on a chip. (2008) PLOS Biology. 6(4):e85. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.0060085

Joyce, G.F. Obituary: Leslie Orgel (1927-2007). (2007) Nature. 450(7170):627. DOI: 10.1038/450627a

Voytek, S.B., Joyce, G.F. Emergence of a fast-reacting ribozyme that is capable of undergoing continuous evolution. (2007) Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 104(39):15288-93. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0707490104

Joyce, G.F. Forty years of in vitro evolution. (2007) Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 46(34):6420-36. DOI: 10.1002/anie.200701369

Joyce, G.F. Structural biology. A glimpse of biology’s first enzyme. (2007) Science. 315(5818):1507-8. DOI: 10.1126/science.1140736

Paegel, B.M., Grover, W.H., Skelley, A.M., Mathies, R.A., Joyce, G.F. Microfluidic serial dilution circuit. (2006) Analytical Chemistry. 78(21):7522-7. DOI: 10.1021/ac0608265

Cadwell, R.C., Joyce, G.F. Mutagenic PCR. (2006) CSH Protoc. 2006(1). DOI: 10.1101/pdb.prot4143

Paul, N., Springsteen, G., Joyce, G.F. Conversion of a ribozyme to a deoxyribozyme through in vitro evolution. (2006) Chemistry & Biology. 13(3):329-38. DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2006.01.007

Oberhuber, M., Joyce, G.F. A DNA-templated aldol reaction as a model for the formation of pentose sugars in the RNA world. (2005) Angewandte Chemie. 44(46):7580-3. DOI: 10.1002/anie.200503387

Johns, G.C., Joyce, G.F. The promise and peril of continuous in vitro evolution. (2005) J. Mol. Evol. 61(2):253-63. DOI: 10.1007/s00239-004-0307-1

Paul, N., Joyce, G.F. Minimal self-replicating systems. (2004) Current Opinion in Chemical Biology. 8(6):634-9. DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2004.09.005

Kim, D.E., Joyce, G.F. Cross-catalytic replication of an RNA ligase ribozyme. (2004) Chemistry & Biology. 11(11):1505-12. DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2004.08.021

Springsteen, G., Joyce, G.F. Selective derivatization and sequestration of ribose from a prebiotic mix. (2004) Journal of the American Chemical Society. 126(31):9578-83. DOI: 10.1021/ja0483692

Joyce, G.F. Directed evolution of nucleic acid enzymes. (2004) Annual Review of Biochemistry. 73:791-836. DOI: 10.1146/annurev.biochem.73.011303.073717

Shih, W.M., Quispe, J.D., Joyce, G.F. A 1.7-kilobase single-stranded DNA that folds into a nanoscale octahedron. (2004) Nature. 427(6975):618-21. DOI: 10.1038/nature02307

Kühne, H., Joyce, G.F. Continuous in vitro evolution of ribozymes that operate under conditions of extreme pH. (2003) J. Mol. Evol. 57(3):292-8. DOI: 10.1007/s00239-003-2480-z

Kumar, R.M., Joyce, G.F. A modular, bifunctional RNA that integrates itself into a target RNA. (2003) Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 100(17):9738-43. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1334190100

Kuhns, S.T., Joyce, G.F. Perfectly complementary nucleic acid enzymes. (2003) J. Mol. Evol. 56(6):711-7. DOI: 10.1007/s00239-002-2445-7

McGinness, K.E., Joyce, G.F. In search of an RNA replicase ribozyme. (2003) Chemistry & Biology. 10(1):5-14.

Paul, N., Joyce, G.F. Self-replication. (2003) Current Biology. 13(2):R46.

Reader, J.S., Joyce, G.F. A ribozyme composed of only two different nucleotides. (2002) Nature. 420(6917):841-4. DOI: 10.1038/nature01185

Joyce, G.F. Molecular evolution: booting up life. (2002) Nature. 420(6913):278-9. DOI: 10.1038/420278a

Ordoukhanian, P., Joyce, G.F. RNA-cleaving DNA enzymes with altered regio- or enantioselectivity. (2002) Journal of the American Chemical Society. 124(42):12499-506.

Paul, N., Joyce, G.F. A self-replicating ligase ribozyme. (2002) Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 99(20):12733-40. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.202471099

Joyce, G.F. The antiquity of RNA-based evolution. (2002) Nature. 418(6894):214-21. DOI: 10.1038/418214a

McGinness, K.E., Wright, M.C., Joyce, G.F. Continuous in vitro evolution of a ribozyme that catalyzes three successive nucleotidyl addition reactions. (2002) Chemistry & Biology. 9(5):585-96.

McGinness, K.E., Joyce, G.F. RNA-catalyzed RNA ligation on an external RNA template. (2002) Chemistry & Biology. 9(3):297-307.

McGinness, K.E., Joyce, G.F. Substitution of ribonucleotides in the T7 RNA polymerase promoter element. (2002) Journal of Biological Chemistry. 277(4):2987-91. DOI: 10.1074/jbc.M108820200

Rogers, J., Joyce, G.F. The effect of cytidine on the structure and function of an RNA ligase ribozyme. (2001) RNA. 7(3):395-404.

Joyce, G.F. RNA cleavage by the 10-23 DNA enzyme. (2001) Meth. Enzymol. 341:503-17.

Sheppard, T.L., Wong, C.H., Joyce, G.F. Nucleoglycoconjugates: design and synthesis of a new class of DNA-carbohydrate conjugates. (2000) Angewandte Chemie. 39(20):3660-3.

Dai, X., Joyce, G.F. In vitro evolution of a ribozyme that contains 5-bromouridine. (2000) Helv. Chim. Acta. 83(8):1701-10. DOI: 10.1002/1522-2675(20000809)83:8<1701::AID-HLCA1701

Joyce, G.F. RNA structure. Ribozyme evolution at the crossroads. (2000) Science. 289(5478):401-2.

Sheppard, T.L., Ordoukhanian, P., Joyce, G.F. A DNA enzyme with N-glycosylase activity. (2000) Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 97(14):7802-7.

Nowakowski, J., Shim, P.J., Stout, C.D., Joyce, G.F. Alternative conformations of a nucleic acid four-way junction. (2000) Journal of Molecular Biology. 300(1):93-102. DOI: 10.1006/jmbi.2000.3826

Santoro, S.W., Joyce, G.F., Sakthivel, K., Gramatikova, S., Barbas CF 3rd. RNA cleavage by a DNA enzyme with extended chemical functionality. (2000) Journal of the American Chemical Society. 122(11):2433-9.

Ordoukhanian, P., Joyce, G.F. A molecular description of the evolution of resistance. (1999) Chemistry & Biology. 6(12):881-9.

Jaeger, L., Wright, M.C., Joyce, G.F. A complex ligase ribozyme evolved in vitro from a group I ribozyme domain. (1999) Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 96(26):14712-7.

Rogers, J., Joyce, G.F. A ribozyme that lacks cytidine. (1999) Nature. 402(6759):323-5. DOI: 10.1038/46335

Nowakowski, J., Shim, P.J., Joyce, G.F., Stout, C.D. Crystallization of the 10-23 DNA enzyme using a combinatorial screen of paired oligonucleotides. (1999) Acta Crystallogr. D Biol. Crystallogr. 55(Pt 11):1885-92.

Joyce, G.F. The counterforce. (1999) Current Biology. 9(14):R500-1.

Bartlett, P.A., Joyce, G.F. Combinatorial chemistry: the search continues (1999) Current Opinion in Chemical Biology. 3(3):253-5.

Nowakowski, J., Shim, P.J., Prasad, G.S., Stout, C.D., Joyce, G.F. Crystal structure of an 82-nucleotide RNA-DNA complex formed by the 10-23 DNA enzyme. (1999) Nature Structural Biology. 6(2):151-6. DOI: 10.1038/5839

Santoro, S.W., Joyce, G.F. Mechanism and utility of an RNA-cleaving DNA enzyme. (1998) Biochemistry. 37(38):13330-42. DOI: 10.1021/bi9812221

Joyce, G.F. Nucleic acid enzymes: playing with a fuller deck. (1998) Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 95(11):5845-7.

Joyce, G.F., Orgel, L.E. The origins of life–a status report. (1998) Am Biol Teach. 60(1):10-2.

Joyce, G.F. Evolutionary chemistry: getting there from here. (1997) Science. 276(5319):1658-9.

Joyce, G.F., Still, W.C., Chapman, K.T. Combinatorial chemistry searching for a winning combination (1997) Current Opinion in Chemical Biology. 1(1):3-4.

Santoro, S.W., Joyce, G.F. A general purpose RNA-cleaving DNA enzyme. (1997) Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 94(9):4262-6.

Hendrix, M., Priestley, E.S., Joyce, G.F., Wong, C.H. Direct observation of aminoglycoside-RNA interactions by surface plasmon resonance. (1997) Journal of the American Chemical Society. 119(16):3641-8.

Bruick, R.K., Koppitz, M., Joyce, G.F., Orgel, L.E. A simple procedure for constructing 5′-amino-terminated oligodeoxynucleotides in aqueous solution. (1997) Nucleic Acids Research. 25(6):1309-10.

Tsang, J., Joyce, G.F. Specialization of the DNA-cleaving activity of a group I ribozyme through in vitro evolution. (1996) Journal of Molecular Biology. 262(1):31-42. DOI: 10.1006/jmbi.1996.0496

Raillard, S.A., Joyce, G.F. Targeting sites within HIV-1 cDNA with a DNA-cleaving ribozyme. (1996) Biochemistry. 35(36):11693-701. DOI: 10.1021/bi960845g

Joyce, G.F. Building the RNA world. Ribozymes. (1996) Current Biology. 6(8):965-7.

Tsang, J., Joyce, G.F. In vitro evolution of randomized ribozymes. (1996) Meth. Enzymol. 267:410-26.

Bruick, R.K., Dawson, P.E., Kent, S.B., Usman, N., Joyce, G.F. Template-directed ligation of peptides to oligonucleotides. (1996) Chemistry & Biology. 3(1):49-56.

Breaker, R.R., Joyce, G.F. A DNA enzyme with Mg(2+)-dependent RNA phosphoesterase activity. (1995) Chemistry & Biology. 2(10):655-60.

Breaker, R.R., Joyce, G.F. Self-incorporation of coenzymes by ribozymes. (1995) J. Mol. Evol. 40(6):551-8.

Dai, X., De Mesmaeker, A., Joyce, G.F. Cleavage of an amide bond by a ribozyme. (1995) Science. 267(5195):237-40.

Breaker, R.R., Joyce, G.F. A DNA enzyme that cleaves RNA. (1994) Chemistry & Biology. 1(4):223-9.

Chakrabarti, A.C., Breaker, R.R., Joyce, G.F., Deamer, D.W. Production of RNA by a polymerase protein encapsulated within phospholipid vesicles. (1994) J. Mol. Evol. 39(6):555-9.

Breaker, R.R., Banerji, A., Joyce, G.F. Continuous in vitro evolution of bacteriophage RNA polymerase promoters. (1994) Biochemistry. 33(39):11980-6.

Breaker, R.R., Joyce, G.F. Inventing and improving ribozyme function: rational design versus iterative selection methods. (1994) Trends in Biotechnology. 12(7):268-75. DOI: 10.1016/0167-7799(94)90138-4

Breaker, R.R., Joyce, G.F. Emergence of a replicating species from an in vitro RNA evolution reaction. (1994) Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 91(13):6093-7.

Cadwell, R.C., Joyce, G.F. Mutagenic PCR. (1994) PCR Methods Appl. 3(6):S136-40.

Tsang, J., Joyce, G.F. Evolutionary optimization of the catalytic properties of a DNA-cleaving ribozyme. (1994) Biochemistry. 33(19):5966-73.

Joyce, G.F. In vitro evolution of nucleic acids. (1994) Current Opinion in Structural Biology. 4:331-6.

Lehman, N., Joyce, G.F. Evolution in vitro: analysis of a lineage of ribozymes. (1993) Current Biology. 3(11):723-34.

Joyce, G.F. Evolution of catalytic function. (1993) Pure Appl. Chem. 65(6):1205-12.

Joyce, G.F. Climbing Darwin’s ladder. (1993) Current Biology. 3(10):703-4.

Lehman, N., Joyce, G.F. Evolution in vitro of an RNA enzyme with altered metal dependence. (1993) Nature. 361(6408):182-5. DOI: 10.1038/361182a0

Joyce, G.F. Directed molecular evolution. (1992) Sci. Am. 267(6):90-7.

Cadwell, R.C., Joyce, G.F. Randomization of genes by PCR mutagenesis. (1992) PCR Methods Appl. 2(1):28-33.

Beaudry, A.A., Joyce, G.F. Directed evolution of an RNA enzyme. (1992) Science. 257(5070):635-41.

Joyce, G.F. RNA today. Molecular Evolution of Introns and Other RNA Elements: a Keystone Symposium, Taos, NM, USA, February 2-8, 1991. (1991) New Biol. 3(6):565-9.

Joyce, G.F. The rise and fall of the RNA world. (1991) New Biol. 3(4):399-407.

Beaudry, A.A., Joyce, G.F. Minimum secondary structure requirements for catalytic activity of a self-splicing group I intron. (1990) Biochemistry. 29(27):6534-9.

Robertson, D.L., Joyce, G.F. Selection in vitro of an RNA enzyme that specifically cleaves single-stranded DNA. (1990) Nature. 344(6265):467-8. DOI: 10.1038/344467a0

Joyce, G.F. Amplification, mutation and selection of catalytic RNA. (1989) Gene. 82(1):83-7.

Joyce, G.F., van der Horst, G., Inoue, T. Catalytic activity is retained in the Tetrahymena group I intron despite removal of the large extension of element P5. (1989) Nucleic Acids Research. 17(19):7879-89.

Joyce, G.F. RNA evolution and the origins of life. (1989) Nature. 338(6212):217-24. DOI: 10.1038/338217a0

Joyce, G.F., Inoue, T. A novel technique for the rapid preparation of mutant RNAs. (1989) Nucleic Acids Research. 17(2):711-22.

Joyce, G.F., Orgel, L.E. Non-enzymatic template-directed synthesis on RNA random copolymers. Poly(C,A) templates. (1988) Journal of Molecular Biology. 202(3):677-81.

Joyce, G.F., Inoue, T. Structure of the catalytic core of the Tetrahymena ribozyme as indicated by reactive abbreviated forms of the molecule. (1987) Nucleic Acids Research. 15(23):9825-40.

Joyce, G.F., Schwartz, A.W., Miller, S.L., Orgel, L.E. The case for an ancestral genetic system involving simple analogues of the nucleotides. (1987) Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 84(13):4398-402.

Joyce, G.F. Nonenzymatic template-directed synthesis of informational macromolecules. (1987) Cold Spring Harbor Symposia on Quantitative Biology. 52:41-51.

Joyce, G.F. Non-enzymatic template-directed synthesis of RNA copolymers. (1984) Orig. Life. 14(1-4):613-20.

Inoue, T., Joyce, G.F., Grzeskowiak, K., Orgel, L.E., Brown, J.M., Reese, C.B. Template-directed synthesis on the pentanucleotide CpCpGpCpC. (1984) Journal of Molecular Biology. 178(3):669-76.

Joyce, G.F., Visser, G.M., van Boeckel, C.A., van Boom, J.H., Orgel, L.E., van Westrenen, J. Chiral selection in poly(C)-directed synthesis of oligo(G). (1984) Nature. 310(5978):602-4.

Joyce, G.F., Inoue, T., Orgel, L.E. Non-enzymatic template-directed synthesis on RNA random copolymers. Poly(C, U) templates. (1984) Journal of Molecular Biology. 176(2):279-306.

Joyce, G.F., Tschirgi, R.D. Automata simulation of the selection process. (1984) BioSystems. 17(1):65-72.

Joyce, G.F. The instability of the autogen. (1983) J. Mol. Evol. 19(2):192-4.